Alternatively, the semiconductor switch, which realizes current switching relying on transistors or thyristors, avoids arc plasma and thus contact degradation when interrupting high currents. (12,13) These shortcomings limit the reliability and lifetimes of mechanical switching devices. conducted comprehensive and explicit research toward degradation problems of rated power used electrical contacts in regard to mechanical, electrical, and environment factors. (7) However, due to its intrinsic rigidity, solid contacts cause several inevitable issues during operation, including contact bounce, mechanical wear, surface erosion, and welding. (11) The existence of the solid contact makes it possible to achieve both a low contact resistance (<50 mΩ) in the on-state and a very high isolation impedance (10 10–10 14 Ω) in the off-state. Essential parts of a mechanical switch contain a pair of electrical contacts made of solid metals or their oxides with superior electrical properties, such as silver metal oxides (10) and silver refractory metals. Moreover, some intrinsic shortcomings caused by solid-state conduction have always been the bottleneck for switch devices. The presented applications and discoveries have a vast potential in both practical technologies, involving high-current electrical and electronic equipment, and fundamental research fields relevant to soft electronics, fluid mechanics, and plasma science. The rupture distance formed before pinch-off is critical to regulate the arc plasma behaviors. During the breakup process of an LM bridge in the presence of a current, three regimes characterized by electrical arc behaviors are identified and investigated. Extraordinarily, the device is capable of interrupting a DC 220 V, 1–5 A circuit within 11 ms, outperforming a common mechanical switch by a factor of 4–20 in terms of interruption speed. The electrical switch operation is realized by the coalescence of LM droplets and the breakup of the LM bridge. To overcome the limitations, here, a liquid metal (LM)-enabled electrical switch is reported by incorporating a Galinstan liquid bridge into a pair of solid electrodes. For example, the former suffers from contact surface degradation, while the latter functions with a high conduction loss. Both solid-state mechanical and semiconductor switches are blamed for some intrinsic shortcomings. Among commonly used components, electrical switches are an essential control element in electrical and electronic systems. Soft electronic components possess the potential to be developed into next-generation electrical devices that can provide superior performance to solid-state counterparts.
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